Category Archives: history

Suttree

Suttree influences

from books-and-movies-that-influenced-the-writing-of-suttree thread at http://www.cormacmccarthy.com

Davis Grubbs

Night of the Hunter

George Washington Harris

Sut Lovingood: Yarns Spun By a Nat’ral Born Durn’d Fool

William Faulkner

Sutpen in Absalom, Absalom! and The Reivers

William Shakespeare

(characters liked by Faulkner) Falstaff, Prince Hal, Nick Bottom, Mercutio, Huck Finn, Jim

Falstaff at Herne’s Oak, from “The Merry Wives of Windsor,” Act V, Scene v, James Stephanoff, 1832. Via Wikimedia.

Scene from A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1848-1851). Titania and Bottom. Edwin Henry Landseer (1802–1873). Via Wikimedia.

Joseph Conrad

Dante Alighieri

James Joyce

Ulysses

Nelson Algren

The Neon Wilderness and A Walk on the Wild Side

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Walt Whitman

T.S. Eliot

W. B. Yeats

John Keats

Hermann Hesse

Siddhartha

Mark Twain

Huckleberry Finn

Herman Melville

H. L. Mencken

(Henry Louis Mencken) See The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche (1907)

Scopes Trial (1925)

The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes/The Scopes Monkey Trial and Tennessee’s Butler Act. (On human evolution)

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King Lear (I)

Shakespeare, William, and Stanley Wells. The History of King Lear. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2008. Print.

 

To read:

Prometheus Vinctus by Aeschylus

Dirck van Baburen – Prometheus Being Chained by Vulcan. circa 1594/1595–1624). Via Wikimedia.

Introduction by Stanley Wells

“The folio is, after all, a derivative, adapted, and edited text.” p. 8

“Muir, however, notes eclipses of both sun and moon in 1601 ‘that would still be remembered by the audience’, and there was a partial eclipse of the moon in May 1603.” p. 12

Titus Andronicus he had already portrayed an elderly tyrant who goes mad” p. 14

To Read:

The Theme of the Three Caskets by Sigmund Freud

“proposes that the opening scene is based on an ancient myth of a man’s having to choose among three women, the third one represents death. footnote p. 16

Historia regum Britanniae

“written by the learned and imaginative monk Geoffrey of Monmouth” p. 17

Illumination of a 15th century manuscript of Historia Regum Britanniae showing king of the Britons Vortigern and Ambros watching the fight between two dragons. Via Wikimedia.

Gonorilla to the Duke of Cornwall, Regan to the Duke of Albania, or Albany, the northern part of Britain. Later Aganipus, King of the Franks, married the dowerless Cordeilla for love.” p. 17

Cordelia. 1888. William Frederick Yeames (1835–1918). Via Wikimedia.

Edwin Austin Abbey (1852–1911) King Lear, Cordelia’s Farewell. Metropolitan Museum of Art – New York, NY . Via Wikimedia.

“Aganippus raised an army to restore him to his kingdom; they succeeded, and three years later Lear died. (By this time he must have been very old indeed.) Cordeilla, widowed, buried her father at Leicester. Some years later her nephews rebelled against her, captured her, and put her in prison, where she committed suicide.” p. 17

to read:

Arcadia by Sir Philip Sidney

“In reading it, Shakespeare must have been struck by the relation between the Lear story and the episodes in Arcadia telling of a Paphlagonian king deposed and blinded by a wicked, illegitimate son but cherished by the natural son whom, under the influence of the bastard, he has cast off with orders-not obeyed-that he be killed.” p. 26

“Shakespeare is indebted to Arcadia for plot motifs and atmospheric effects rather than for language.” p. 26

“The Bible exerted a strong influence, even though Shakespeare has been at pains to locate his action in a non-Christian, pagan society; indeed, both the Book of Job and the parable of the Prodigal Son have been regarded as deep sources of the play.” p. 29

George Orwell essay: Lear, Tolstoy and the Fool.” p. 32

Tolstoy on Shakespeare wikipedia article

Tolstoy on Shakespeare; a critical essay on Shakespeare

“It might on the contrary be argued that Shakespeare’s opening scene is a masterpiece of dramatic exposition-almost a little play in its own right-and that its reduction and simplification of motive is one of the ways in which it establishes a mode in which symbol and emblem will have as important a part to play as psychological verisimilitude.” p. 33

Michael Gambon playing the Fool “That weekend I hurried to London Zoo to watch the chimps and became even more convinced that they had all the requisite qualities for the Fool-manic comic energy when in action, a disturbing sadness when in repose.” p. 42

“But the suffering diminishes when madness comes upon him. As Gloucester is to realize later in the play, madness can bring relief from suffering.” p. 45

footnote Howard Felperin “takes a contrary view: Gloucester ‘naïvely wishes he could go made like Lear, mistaking madness for a protection against pain when it is in fact an exposure to it.” p. 45

“Suffering teaches both men how they have misvalued their offspring, and leads them to acknowledge their own faults and to express humility.” p. 46

José Ribera, Ixion (1632). Oil on canvas, 220 x 301 cm. Museo del Prado, Madrid. Via Wikimedia.

See Ixion

literary context of ‘bound upon a wheel of fire‘ p.47

“The Wheel of Fire is part of the Aristotelian reading of a tragedy (e.g. plays), which includes the central flaw within a character.” wikipedia

“To its early audiences, the language of King Lear must have seemed very strange, as original in its day as that of James Joyce or Dylan Thomas in theirs.” p. 53

To read:

Dylan Thomas

poems: Do not go gentle into that good night, and And death shall have no dominion.

Margreta de Grazia “the play itself goes to extremes, pushing beyond the bounds of tragedy, particularly in its superfluous addition of Cordelia’s death.” p. 53

“What Tate did to Shakespeare was not essentially different from what Shakespeare had done to King Leir: Shakespeare had turned an old tragicomedy into a tragedy, Tate reversed the process. In doing do created a new, different play which, critics have increasingly argued, has its own artistic validity.” p. 62

King Leir play

Nahum Tate‘s King Lear adaptation

“But at the time Tate wrote, Shakespeare was not thought of as an immortal classic, but as a dramatist whose works, however admirable, required adaptation to fit them for the new theatrical and social circumstances of the time, as well as to changes in taste.” p. 62

Tate’s play “supplanted Shakespeare’s play in every performance given from 1681 to 1838.” p. 63

King Lear in the Tempest Tearing off his Robes. George Romney (1734-1802). Via wikiart.org

See John Runciman (1744-68), King Lear in the Storm (1767)

See Alexander Runciman (1736-85) King Lear on the Heath (1767)

“Barker insists that the storm is not in itself ‘dramatically important, only in its effect upon Lear’, and that the actor should ‘impersonate both Lear and-reflected in Lear-the storm’.” p. 72

King Lear (1970) Grigori Kozintsev

The Tale of Lear (1984) Tadashi Suzuki

King Lear (1987) Jean-Luc Godard

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King Lear (1971) Peter Brook

 

King Lear (1983) Michael Elliott

A king Lear of the Steppes (1870) Turgenev

King Lear’s Wife (1915/1920) Gordon Bottomley

Lear (1971) Edward Bond

Book: A Thousand Acres (1991) Jane Smiley

“The language of Shakespeare’s time was permeated by the Bible.” p. 87

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books 2016

achristmascarol-DSC_1034

Dickens, Charles. A Christmas Carol. New York: Bantam, 2009. Print. (First ed. 1895)

abendintheriver-DSC_1033

Naipaul, V. S. A Bend in the River. New York: Vintage International, 1989. Print. (First ed. 1979)

don-quijote-DSC_0993

Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de. Don Quijote De La Mancha. Madrid: Real Academia Españƒola, 2015. Print. (First ed. 1605)

sound-fury-DSC_0999

Faulkner, William. The Sound and The Fury. New York: Vintage International, 1990. Print. (1984 correction, first ed. 1929)

boy-dahl-DSC_0988

Dahl, Roald. Boy: Tales of Childhood. Great Britain: Penguin, 1984. Print.

dubliners-DSC_0980

Joyce, James. Dubliners. New York: Signet Classics, 2007. Print. (First ed. 1914.)

wwz-DSC_0978

Brooks, Max. World War Z: An Oral History of The Zombie War. New York: Broadway, 2006. Print.

meditations-DSC_0983

Aurelius, Marcus. Meditations. New York: Dover Thrift, 2016. (First ed. 1862. Written in the 100s.)

mere-anarchy

Allen, Woody. Mere Anarchy. New York: Random House, 2007. Print.

the-lawless-roads-DSC_0763

Greene, Graham. The Lawless Roads. London: Penguin, 1976. Print. (First Ed. 1939)

everyman-DSC_0768

Roth, Philip. Everyman. New York: Vintage International, 2006.

trimarco-DSC_0750

Vallejos, Soledad. Trimarco: la mujer que lucha por todas las mujeres. Argentina: Aguilar, 2013. Print.

do-androids-dream-DSC_0621

Dick, Philip K. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? New York: Del Rey, 1996. (First. ed 1968)

the-happiness-of-p

Guillebeau, Chris. The Happiness of Pursuit: Finding the Quest That Will Bring Purpose to Your Life. New York: Harmony Books, 2014. Print.

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Capote, Truman. In Cold Blood. New York, New York: Signet, 1965.

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Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. London, England: Penguin Classics, 2000. Print. [First ed. 1949.]

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Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York: Del Rey, 1991. (First Ed. 1953.)

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Covey, Stephen R. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Restoring the Character Ethic. New York, N.Y.: Free Press, 2004. Print. (First ed. 1989).

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Gilbert, Elizabeth. Eat, Pray, Love: One Woman’s Search for Everything Across Italy, India and Indonesia. New York, N.Y.; Penguin, 2007. Print. (First ed. 2006)

the-curious-case-DSC_9973

Haddon, Mark. the curious incident of the dog in the night-time. New York, NY: Vintage Books, 2004. Print. (First ed. 2003)

animal-farm-DSC_9970

Orwell, George. Animal Farm. New York, N.Y.: Signet Classics, 1996. Print. (First ed. 1945).

the-things-they-carried-DSC_9912

O’Brien, Tim. The Things They Carried. New York, N.Y.: Broadway Books, 1990. Print.

the-gardeners-son

McCarthy, Cormac. The Gardener’s Son: a screenplay. New York: HarperCollins, 1996. Print.

the-orchard-keeper

McCarthy, Cormac. The Orchard Keeper. New York, N.Y.: Vintage International, 1993. Print. (First ed. 1965).

naked-lunch

Burroughs, William. Naked Lunch. New York, N.Y.: Grove Press, 1966. Print.

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Elam, Kimberly. Geometry of Design: Studies in Proportion and Composition. New York: Princeton Architectural, 2001. Print.

jewish-fairy-tailsDSC_7894

Friedlander, Gerald. Jewish Fairy Tales. Mineola, NY: Dover, 1997. Print.

child-of-god-DSC_7115

McCarthy, Cormac. Child of God. New York, N.Y.: Vintage International. 1993.

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Hemingway, Ernest. A Moveable Feast. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1973.

zodiac-DSC_6998

Graysmith, Robert. Zodiac: The Shocking True Story of The Nation’s Most Bizarre Mass Murderer. New York, NY: Berkley, 2007.

zen-and-the-art-DSC_6590

Pirsig, Robert M. Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values. New York: Harper Torch, 2006. Print.

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Confucius, and D. C. Lau. The Analects (Lun Yü). Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979. Print.

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Wong, Stanford. Professional Video Poker. La Jolla: Pi Yee Press, 1994. Print.

old-man-DSC_6131

Hemingway, Ernest. The Old Man and The Sea. New York: Bantam, 1965. Print.

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LP: San Francisco

visual-story-DSC_4828

Block, Bruce A. The Visual Story: Creating the Visual Structure of Film, TV and Digital Media. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Focal/Elsevier, 2008. Print.

HenDream

Hwang, Sŏn-mi, Chi-Young Kim, and Nomoco. The Hen Who Dreamed She Could Fly: A Novel. U.S.: Penguin Books, 2013. Print.

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Murakami, Haruki. After the Quake. Trans. Jay Rubin. London: Vintage, 2007. Print.

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Turnbull, Stephen R., and Peter Dennis. Japanese Castles in Korea, 1592-98. Oxford: Osprey, 2007. Print.

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Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York: Penguin, 1993. Print.

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Munro, Alice. Dear Life: Stories. New York: Vintage International, 2012. Print.

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Hemingway, Ernest. For Whom the Bell Tolls. New York.: Scribner, 2003. Print.

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Arai, Yoshio (Ed.). Great American Speeches 1775-1965. Tokyo, Japan.: The Hokuseido Press, 1994.

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Biskind, Peter. Star: How Warren Beatty Seduced America. New York: Simon & Schuster. 2011.

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Haruki Murakami. 村上 春樹 Norwegian Wood. (translated by Jay Rubin) 2011. Vintage Open-Market Edition. Published in Japanese in 1987.

grand-design-DSC_2268

Hawking, Stephen and Leonard Mlodinow. The Grand Design.

the-road-DSC_2418

McCarthy, Cormac. The Road. New York: Vintage International, 2007. Print.

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Neruda, Pablo. Cantos ceremoniales. Buenos Aires: Losada, Tercera edición 23-XI-1977.

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Fitzgerald, F. Scott, and Guy Reynolds. The Great Gatsby. Ware: Wordsworth Classics, 2001. Print.

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McCarthy, Cormac. Suttree. New York. Vintage International. 1992.

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Fisher, Roger, William Ury, and Bruce Patton. Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement without Giving in. New York: Penguin, 2011. Print.

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Lowell, Ross. Matters of Light & Depth: Creating Memorable Images for Video, Film & Stills through Lighting. Philadelphia: Broad Street, 1992. Print.

on-the-road-DSC_3395

Read: Kerouac, Jack. On the Road. New York, NY, U.S.A.: Penguin, 1991. Print.

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Korean Picture Dictionary

Thailand-LP-DSC_1147

LP: Thailand: Bangkok, Ko Samet, Ayutthaya

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A Bend in The River

Naipaul, V. S. A Bend in the River. New York: Vintage International, 1989. Print. (First ed. 1979)

“The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it.” p. 3

“In the darkness of the river and forest you could be sure only of what you could see–made a noise–dipped a paddle in the water–you heard yourself as though you were another person. The river and the forest were like presences, and much more powerful than you.” p. 8

“Zabeth was a magician, and was known in our region as a magician. Her smell was he smell of her protecting ointments. Other women used perfumes and scents to attract; Zabeth’s ointments repelled and warned.” p. 10

“Without Europeans, I feel, all our past would have been washed away, like the scuff marks of fishermen on the beach outside our town.” p. 12

***”All that had happened in the past was washed away; there was always only the present. It was as though, as a result of some disturbance in the heavens, the early morning light was always receding into the darkness, and men lived in a perpetual dawn.” p. 12

“When things went wrong they had the consolations of religion. This wasn’t just a readiness to accept Fate; this was a quiet and profound conviction about the vanity of all human endeavour.” p. 16

“a relisher of life, a seeker after experience” p. 25

“I wondered about the nature of my aspirations, the very supports of my existence; and I began to feel that any life I might have anywhere–however rich and successful and better furnished–would only be a version of the life I lived now.” p. 42

**”Always, sailing up from the south, from beyond the bend in the river, were clumps of water hyacinths, dark floating islands on the dark river, bobbing over the rapids. It was as if rain and river were tearing away bush from the heart of the continent and floating it down to the ocean, incalculable miles away… Night and day the water hyacinth floated up from the south, seeding itself as if travelled.” p. 46

Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth)

“They said they were poor and wanted money to continue their studies. Some of these beggars were bold, coming straight to me and reciting their requests; the shy ones hung around until there was no one else in the shop. Only a few had bothered to prepare stories, and these stories were like Ferdinand’s: a father dead or far away, a mother in a village, an unprotected boy full of ambition… The guilelessness, the innocence that wasn’t innocence–I thought it could be traced back to Ferdinand, his interpretation of our relationship and his idea of what I could be used for.” p. 55

“The people here were malins the way a dog chasing a lizard was malins because they lived with the knowledge of men as prey.” p. 56

“Every carving, every mask, served a specific religious purpose, and could only be made once. Copies were copies; there was no magical feeling or power in them; and in such copies Father Huismans was not interested. He looked in masks and carvings for a religious quality; without that quality the things were dead and without beauty.” p. 61  

“The first Roman hero, travelling to Italy to found his city, lands on the coast of Africa. The local queen falls in love with him, and it seems that the journey to Italy might be called off. But then the watching gods take a hand; and one of them says that the great Roman god might not approved of a settlement in Africa, of a mingling of peoples there, of treaties of union between Africans and Romans.”  p. 62

Dido and Aeneas, from a Roman fresco, Pompeian Third Style (10 BC – 45 AD), Pompeii, Italy. Via Wikimedia.

 See Dido and Aeneas

Read Aeneid by Virgil

Map of Aeneas’ journeys by Rcsprinter123. Via Wikimedia.

“This is Zabeth’s world. This is the world to which she returns when she leaves my shop. But Zabeth’s world was living, and this was dead. That was the effect of those masks lying flat on the shelves, looking up not forest or sky but at the underside of other shelves. They were masks that had been laid low, in more than one way, and had lost their power.” p. 65

“wandering back to the food stalls: little oily heaps of fried flying ants (expensive, and sold by the spoonful) laid out on scraps of newspaper; hairy orange-coloured caterpillars with protuberant eyes wriggling in enamel basins; fat white grubs kept moist and soft in little bags of damp earth, five or six grubs to a bag–these grubs, absorbent in body and of neutral taste, being an all-purpose fatty food, sweet with sweet things, savory with savory things. These were all forest foods, but the villages had been cleaned out of them (grubs came from the heart of a pal tree); and no one wanted to go foraging too far in the forest.” p. 66

“While he lived, Father Huismans, collecting the things of Africa, had been thought a friend of Africa. But now that changed. It was felt that the collection was an affront to African religion… The masks themselves, crumbling n the slatted shelves, seemed to lose the religious power Father Huismans had taught me to see in them; without him, they simply became extravagant objects.” p. 84

“It wasn’t the ice cream that attracted Mahesh. It was the idea of the simple machine, or rather the idea of being the only man in the town to own such a machine… They are dazzled by the machines they import. That is part of their intelligence; but they soon start behaving as though they don’t just own the machines, but the patents as well; they would like to be the only men in the world with such magical instruments.” p. 90

“They didn’t see, these young men, that there was anything to build in their country. As far as they were concerned, it was all there already. They had only to take. They believed that, by being what they were, they had earned the right to take; and the higher the officer, the greater the crookedness–if that word had any meaning.” p. 91

“It seemed as easy as that, if you came late to the world and found ready-made those things that other countries and peoples had taken so long to arrive at–writing, printing, universities, books, knowledge. The rest of us had to take thngs in stages. I thought of my own family, Nazruddin, myself–we were so clogged by what the centuries had deposited in our minds and hearts. Ferdinand, starting from nothing, had with one step made himself free, and was ready to race ahead of us.” p. 102-103

“We lived on the same patch of earth; we looked at the same views. Yet to him the world was new and getting newer. For me that same world was drab, without possibilities.” p. 103

“”Would the honourable visitor state whether he feels that Africans have been depersonalized by Christianity?”
¶Indar did what he had done before. He restated the question. He said, “I suppose you are really asking whether Africa can be served by a religion which is not African. Is Islam an African religion? Do you feel that Africans have been depersonalized by that?”” p. 121

“You are men of the modern world. Do you need African religion? Or are you being sentimental about it? Are you nervous of losing it? Or do you feel you have to hold on to it just because it’s yours?” p. 122

Raymond “I find that the most difficult thing in prose narrative is linking one thing with the other. The link might just be a sentence, or even a word. It sums up what has gone before and prepares one for what is to come.” p. 136

To read A History of Rome by Theodor Mommsen 

Theodor Mommsen. Ludwig Knaus. 1881. Via Wikimedia.

“There may be some parts of the world–dead countries, or secure and by-passed ones–where men can cherish the past and think of passing on furniture and china to their heirs. Men can do that perhaps in Sweden or Canada. Some peasant department of France full of half-wits in châteaux; some crumbling Indian palace-city, or some dead colonial town in a hopeless South American country. Everywhere else men are in movement, the world is in movement, and the past can only cause pain.” p. 141

“But I hadn’t understood to what extent our civilization had also been our prison. I hadn’t understood either to what extent we had been made by the place where we had grown up, made by Africa and the simple life of the coast, and how incapable we had become of understanding the outside world.” p. 142

“But this lady also thought that my education and background made me extraordinary,and I couldn’t fight the idea of my extraordinariness.
¶”An extraordinary man, a man of two worlds, needed an extraordinary job. And she suggested I become a diplomat.” p. 145

“there was the Edgware Road, where the shops and restaurants seemed continually to be changing hands; there were the shops and crowds of Oxford Street and Regent Street. The openness of Trafalgar Square gave me a lift, but it reminded me that I was almost at the end of my journey.” p. 146

“Now I saw differently. And I understood that London wasn’t simply a place that was there, as people say of mountains, but that it had been made by men, that men had given attention to details as minute as those camels.
¶I began to understand at the same time that my anguish about being a man adrift was false, that for me that dream of home and security was nothing more than a dream of isolation, anachronistic and stupid and very feeble. I belonged to myself alone.” p. 151

“We solace ourselves with that idea of the great men of our tribe, the Gandhi and the Nehru, and we castrate ourselves. ‘Here, take my manhood and invest it for me. Take my manhood and be a greater man yourself, for my sake!’ No! I want to be a man myself.” p. 152

“The job is thee, waiting. But it doesn’t exist for you or anyone else until you discover it, and you discover it because it’s for you and you alone.” p. 153

“These three people were in many ways alike–renegades, concerned with their personal beauty, finding in that beauty the easiest form of dignity.” p. 157

“Rustic manners, forest manners, in a setting not of the forest. But that was how, in our ancestral lands, we all began–the prayer may on the sand, then the marble floor of a mosque; the rituals and taboos of nomads, which transferred to the palace of a sultan or a maharaja, become the traditions of an aristocracy.” p. 161

“In spite of the corrupt physical ways our passion had begun to take, the photographs of Yvette that I preferred were the chastest. I was especially interested in those of her as a girl in Belgium, to whom the future was still a mystery.” p. 184

“The businessman bought at ten and was happy to get out at twelve; the mathematician saw his ten rise to eighteen, but didn’t sell because he wanted to double his ten to twenty.” p. 198

“Uganda was beautiful, fertile, easy, without poverty, and with high African traditions. It ought to have had a future, but the problem with Uganda was that it wasn’t big enough. The country was now too small for its tribal hatreds.” p. 200-201

Shoba and Mahesh “Acid on the face of the woman, the killing of the man–they were the standard family threats on these occasions,” p. 203

“”You can hire them, but you can’t buy them.” It was one of his sayings; it meant that stable relationships were not possible here, that there could only be day-to-day contracts between men, that in a crisis peace was something you had to buy afresh every day.” p. 210

“We came down slowly, leaving the upper light. Below the heavy cloud Africa showed as a dark-green, wet-looking land. You could see that it was barely dawn down there; in the forests and creeks it would still be quite dark.” p. 247

“The water hyacinths, “the new thing in the river,” beginning so far away, in the centre of the continent, bucked past in clumps and tangles and single vines, here almost at the end of their journey.” p. 249

“If there was a plan, these events had meaning. If there was law, these events had meaning. But there was no plan; there was no law; this was only make-believe, play, a waste of men’s time in the world. And how often here, even in the days of bush, it must have happened before, this game of warders and prisoners in which men could be destroyed for nothing. I remembered what Raymond used to say–about events being forgotten, lost, swallowed up.” p. 267

“The searchlight lit up the barge passengers, who, behind bars and wire guards, as yet scarcely seemed to understand that they were adrift. Then there were gunshots. The searchlight was turned off; the barge was no longer to be seen. The steamer started up again and moved without lights down the river, away from the area of battle. The air would have been full of moths and flying insects. The searchlight, while it was on, had shown thousands, white in the white light.
¶July 1977-August 1978” p. 278

 

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EL Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Qvixote de La Mancha (primera parte) I

Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de. Don Quijote De La Mancha: Edición Conmemorativa IV Centenario Cervantes. Madrid: Real Academia Españƒola, 2015. Print. (First ed. 1605)

Siglo de Oro

“Salieron para America cientos de ejemplares de la novela… Lo que no había conseguido Cervantes, lo lograba su criatura asentándose en el Nuevo Mundo.” (México -> Cartagena de Indias -> Portobelo, Panamá -> El Callao) p. xi

To Watch Дон Кихот Don Quixote (1957) Grigori Kozintsev.

 

José Ortega y Gasset Meditaciones del Quijote “su eje central es precisamente el diálogo,” p. xxi  See “Yo soy yo y mi circunstancia”

“complejidad del sistema novelístico de Cervantes y sus estrategias para casar versímilmente su fábula mentirosa con la inteligencia de sus lectores están poderosamente condicionadas por la encrucijada en la que, como también Shakespeare y todos sus contemporáneos, se encuentra: la del solapamineto de la la galaxia Gutenberg con la pervivencia, muy vívida todavía, de formas de coexistencia y comunicaión arcaicas en las que sigue muy arraigada la oralidad.” p. p xxii

Quijote “Llegado, por el contrario, a Barcelona, ve en una imprenta cómo se corrigen las pruebas de una nueva edición de Quijote de Avellaneda, y ello le da pie para denostarlo.” p. xxiv

Olfato y tacto en Don Quijote p.  xxvii

Primera edición conocida de Amadís de Gaula de Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo, impresa en Zaragoza por Jorge Coci, 1508. Via Wikimedia.

Amadís de Gaula

Portada de Los cinco libros del esforzado e invencible caballero Tirante el Blanco, primera traducción al castellano de Tirant lo Blanc, impresa por Diego de Gumiel. Via Wikimedia.

Tirante el Blanco

Tristán de Leonís

“Al final, termina por salirse con la suya. La ficción va contaminando lo vivido y la realidad se va gradualmente plegando a las excentricidades y fantasías de don Quijote. p. XXXV (Mario Vargas Llosa, Una novela para el siglo XXI)

“Los amigos del pueblo de don Quijote, tan adversos a las novelerías literarias que hacen una quema inquisitorial de su biblioteca, con el pretexto de curar a Alonso Quijano de su locura recurren a la ficción: urden y protagonizan representaciones para devolver al Caballero de la Triste Figura a la cordura y al mundo real. Pero, en verdad, consiguen lo contrario: que la ficción comience a devorar la realidad.” p. XXXVI (Mario Vargas Llosa, Una novela para el siglo XXI)

Ruta de Don Quijote

“El Quijote no cree que la justicia, el orden social, el progreso, sean funciones de la autoridad, sino obra del quehacer de individuos que, como sus modelos, los caballeros andantes, y él mismo, se hayan echado sobre los hombros la tarea que hacer menos injusto y más libre  próspero el mundo en el que viven.” p. XL (Mario Vargas Llosa, Una novela para el siglo XXI)

“la Santa Hermandad, cuerpo de justicia en el mundo rural, de la que se tiene anuncios durante las correrías de don Quijote y Sancho, son mencionadas más bien como algo lejano, oscuro y peligroso.” p. XL

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“España aparace como un espacio muchi más vasto, cohesionado en su diversidad geográfica y cultural y de unas inciertas fronteras que parecen definirse en función no de territorios y demarcaciones administrativas, sino religiosas: España termina en aquellos límites vagos, y concretamente marinos, donde comienzan los dominios del moro, el enemigo religioso.” p. XLII

“como ocurre con las obras maestras paradigmáticas… al igual que el Hamlet, o La divina comedia, o la Ilíada y la Odisea, ella evoluciona con el paso del tiempo y se recrea a sí misma en función de las estéticas y los valores que cada cultura privilegia, revelendo que es una verdadera caverna de Alí Babá, cuyos tesoros nunca se extienguen.” p. XLIII-XVLIV

To Read

Rayuela by Cortazar,

In Search of Lost Time by Marcel Proust

“Aprovechando lo que era un tópico de la novela de caballerías (muchas de ellas eran supuestos manuscritos encontrados en sitios exóticos y estrafalarios), Cervantes hizo de Cide Hamete Benengeli un dispositivo que introducía la ambigüedad y el juego como rasgos centrales de la estructura narrativa.” p. XLIV

Canto de Calíope en La Galatea

Title page of La Galatea. Via Wikimedia.

“Cervantes, que se vio imposibilitado de hacer efectivas las sumas recogidas, fue internado en la cárcel de Sevilla, donde pasó unos tres meses del año 1597.” p. LXX (Martín de Riquer, Cervantes y el “Quijote”)

“En 1613 aparecen las Novelas ejemplares; en 1614 el Viaje del Parnaso; en 1615 la Segunda parte del Quijote y las COmedia y entremeses; y en 1617, póstumamente, el Persiles y Sigismunda. O sea que la gran época de aparición de las obras de Cervantes, presciendiendo de la Primera parte del Quijote, corresponder a la etapa que va de los 66 a los 68 años del escritor.” p. LXXI (Martín de Riquer, Cervantes y el “Quijote”)

“Aunque Cervantes ha escrito estos versos en tono humurístico, no deja de haber en ellos cierta amargura de quien, sabiéndose un gran prosista, comprende que no puede compararse con los grandes poetas de su tiempo.” p. LXXIII (Martín de Riquer, Cervantes y el “Quijote”)

“Fue enterrado en el convento de las Trinitarias Descalzas de la calle de Cantarranas (hoy Lope de Vega), donde sin duda esposan todavía sys restos sin que haya posibilidad de identificarlos.” p. LXXVIII (Martín de Riquer, Cervantes y el “Quijote”)

“En el Quijote Cervantes recoge la experiencia de los recuerdos de su vida; en el Persiles recoge el fruto de sis lecturas de libros.” p. LXXIX (Martín de Riquer, Cervantes y el “Quijote”)

“El “caballero andante” existió, y todavía erraba por los caminos de Europa y de corte en corte en demanda de aventuras (justas, pasos de armas, torneos, batallas a todo trance) un siglo antes de que Cervantes se pusiera a escribir el Quijote. Y alrededor de estos caballeros existió una literatura que puede distribuirse en dos categorías: la biografía del caballero y la novela caballeresca. Como ejemplos de la primera categoría tenemos el Livre des faits du bon messire Jean le Maingre, dit Bouciquaut, el Livre des faits de Jacques de Lalaing y el Victorial, o biografía de don Pero Niño, y podriamos añadir el Libro del Passo Honroso… A la segunda categoría pertenecen determinadas novelas … Las catalanas Curial e Güelfa y Tirant lo Blanch y las francesas Jean de Saintré y el Roman de Jean de Paris… Basta señalar que la biografía de un caballero perfectamente histórico como fue Jacques de Lalaing, que realizó sus primeras hazañas en Vallodolid, ofrece gran similitud con la novela que tiene por protagonista al ficticio Jean de Saintré.. Este tipo de novelas a las que conviene dar el nombre de “novelas caballescas” en clara oposición a los “libros de caballerías”, fue comprendido por Cervantes, como atestigua su elogio del Tirant lo Blanch” p. LXXXIV (Martín de Riquer, Cervantes y el “Quijote”)

“El Quijote no es, como creyeron algunos románticos, una burla del heroísmo y del idealismo noble, sino la burla de unos libros que, por sus extremosas exageraciones y su falta de mesura, ridiculizaban lo heroico y lo ideal.” p. LXXXV (Martín de Riquer, Cervantes y el “Quijote”)

“Da la impresión que Certantes escribía sin leer su labor.” p. LXXXVIII (Martín de Riquer, Cervantes y el “Quijote”)

“Cervantes, cuando escribe la Segunda parte de la novela, tiene ya sesenta y ocho años, está en la miseria, ha padecido desdichas de toda suerte en la guerra y en el cautiverio, el honor de su hogar no ha sido siempre limpio ni ejemplar, ha recibido humillaciones y burlas en el cruel ambiente literario; y a pesar de todo ello, por encima de sus angustias, de sus estrecheces y de sus penas, el buen humor y el agudo donaire inundan las páginas del Quijote. p. XCIII (Martín de Riquer, Cervantes y el “Quijote”)

“la más desdichada de tales transposiciones fue que la supresión de unas páginas en que se narraba cómo Sancho Panza perdió a si jumento no llevó aneja la eliminación de la referencias al escudero montado en el asno” p. CII (Francisco Rico, Nota al texto)

“endecasílabo) El ingenioso hidalgo de la Mancha.” p. CIV (Francisco Rico, Nota al texto)

“Téngase en cuenta que los libros se ponían entonces a la venta “en papel”, es decir, como un conjunto de pliegos sin encuadernar, y así serían los Quijotes que Cervantes tuviera a mano a principios de 1605.” p. CXI (Francisco Rico, Nota al texto)

“Tras un corto período de gran éxito, la novela sufre un eclipse desde 167 hasta que la devuelve al mercado la edición de Madrid, 1636-1637, cuatro o conco veces reimpresa en la Corte en los decenios siguientes,” p. CXII (Francisco Rico, Nota al texto)

“vacilaciones presentes en los escritos de puño y letra de Cervantes.” mesmo~mismo, cuasi~casi, fee~fe, escrebir~escribir invidia~envidia, sospiro~suspiro, asconder~esconder, húmido~húmedo, imágines~imágenes, proprio~propio, recebir~recibir, esaminador~examinador, eceto~exepto, agora~ahora, ansí~así, güésped~huésped, deste~de este, della~de ella.  CXV-CXVI (Francisco Rico, Nota al texto)

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Nobel Laureates 1980-1984

Jaroslav Seifert 1984

Czechoslovakia/Austria-Hungary (poetry)

Deštník z Picadilly

William Golding 1983

UK (novel/poetry/drama)

Lord of the FliesThe InheritorsFree Fall

Gabriel García Márquez 1982

Colombia (novel/short story)

Cien años de soledadCrónica de una muerte anunciadaEl coronel no tiene quien le escriba

Elias Canetti 1981

UK/Bulgaria (drama/novel/essay)

Crowds and Power, Auto-da-Fé

Czesław Miłosz 1980

Poland (poetry/essay)

Wiersze ostatnieKról Popiel i inne wierszeHymn o Perle

Nobel Laureates 1989-1985

Camilo José Cela 1989

Spain (novel/short story) (see Generacion del 36 and tremendismo)

The Family of Pascual Duarte (La familia de Pascual Duarte), La colmenaSan Camilo, 1936 

نجيب محفوظ‎‎  Naguib Mahfouz 1988

Egypt (novel/short story/screenplay)

ثلاثية القاهرة The Cairo Trilogy (Palace Walk بين القصرين, Palace of Desire قصر الشوق, Sugar Street السكرية [Novels named after actual streets in Cairo,])

Ио́сиф Алекса́ндрович Бро́дский Joseph Brodsky 1987

US/Soviet Union (poetry/essay)

Less Than One: Selected EssaysCollected Poems in English, 1972–1999, To Urania : Selected Poems, 1965–1985

Akinwándé Oluwolé Babátúndé Sóyinká Wole Soyinka 1986

Nigeria (drama/novel/poetry)

Season of AnomyThe InterpretersDeath and the King’s Horseman

Claude Simon 1985

France/Madagascar (novel)

La Route des FlandresHistoireL’Acacia

Nobel Laureates 1994-1990

大江 健三郎 Kenzaburō Ōe 1994

Japan (novel)

Work: 個人的な体験 A Personal Matter, 万延元年のフットボール The Silent Cry

Toni Morrison 1993

US (novel)

Work: The Bluest EyeBelovedSong of Solomon

Derek Walcott 1992

Santa Lucia (poetry/drama)

Work: Dream on Monkey Mountain, Omeros,  

Nadine Gordimer 1991

South Africa (novel/short story)

Work: The ConservationistBurger’s DaughterJuly’s People

Octavio Paz 1990

Mexico (poetry/essay)

Work: Piedra de solSalamandraEl laberinto de la soledadVislumbres de la India

Nobel Laureates 1999-1995

Günter Grass 1999

Germany (novel, drama, graphic design) Nazi Germany

Work:  The Tin Drum, Cat and MouseDog Years (Danzig Trilogy

José Saramago 1998

Portugal (novel)

Work:  Memorial do Convento (Baltasar and Blimunda), O Evangelho Segundo Jesus Cristo (The Gospel According to Jesus Christ), Ensaio sobre a cegueira (Blindness), História do Cerco de Lisboa (The History of the Siege of Lisbon)   

Dario Fo 1997

Italy (drama)

Work: Guerra di popolo in Cile, Non Si Paga! Non Si Paga! (Can’t Pay? Won’t Pay!, Il Papa e la strega (The Pope and the Witch)

Wisława Szymborska 1996

Poland (poetry)

Work: Love At First Sight poem (Watch Three Colors: Red), Here, View With a Grain of Salt: Selected Poems

Seamus Heaney 1995

UK/Ireland (poetry)

Work: Beowulf 1999 translationDeath of a NaturalistThe Spirit Level