Tag Archives: slavery

A Bend in The River

Naipaul, V. S. A Bend in the River. New York: Vintage International, 1989. Print. (First ed. 1979)

“The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it.” p. 3

“In the darkness of the river and forest you could be sure only of what you could see–made a noise–dipped a paddle in the water–you heard yourself as though you were another person. The river and the forest were like presences, and much more powerful than you.” p. 8

“Zabeth was a magician, and was known in our region as a magician. Her smell was he smell of her protecting ointments. Other women used perfumes and scents to attract; Zabeth’s ointments repelled and warned.” p. 10

“Without Europeans, I feel, all our past would have been washed away, like the scuff marks of fishermen on the beach outside our town.” p. 12

***”All that had happened in the past was washed away; there was always only the present. It was as though, as a result of some disturbance in the heavens, the early morning light was always receding into the darkness, and men lived in a perpetual dawn.” p. 12

“When things went wrong they had the consolations of religion. This wasn’t just a readiness to accept Fate; this was a quiet and profound conviction about the vanity of all human endeavour.” p. 16

“a relisher of life, a seeker after experience” p. 25

“I wondered about the nature of my aspirations, the very supports of my existence; and I began to feel that any life I might have anywhere–however rich and successful and better furnished–would only be a version of the life I lived now.” p. 42

**”Always, sailing up from the south, from beyond the bend in the river, were clumps of water hyacinths, dark floating islands on the dark river, bobbing over the rapids. It was as if rain and river were tearing away bush from the heart of the continent and floating it down to the ocean, incalculable miles away… Night and day the water hyacinth floated up from the south, seeding itself as if travelled.” p. 46

Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth)

“They said they were poor and wanted money to continue their studies. Some of these beggars were bold, coming straight to me and reciting their requests; the shy ones hung around until there was no one else in the shop. Only a few had bothered to prepare stories, and these stories were like Ferdinand’s: a father dead or far away, a mother in a village, an unprotected boy full of ambition… The guilelessness, the innocence that wasn’t innocence–I thought it could be traced back to Ferdinand, his interpretation of our relationship and his idea of what I could be used for.” p. 55

“The people here were malins the way a dog chasing a lizard was malins because they lived with the knowledge of men as prey.” p. 56

“Every carving, every mask, served a specific religious purpose, and could only be made once. Copies were copies; there was no magical feeling or power in them; and in such copies Father Huismans was not interested. He looked in masks and carvings for a religious quality; without that quality the things were dead and without beauty.” p. 61  

“The first Roman hero, travelling to Italy to found his city, lands on the coast of Africa. The local queen falls in love with him, and it seems that the journey to Italy might be called off. But then the watching gods take a hand; and one of them says that the great Roman god might not approved of a settlement in Africa, of a mingling of peoples there, of treaties of union between Africans and Romans.”  p. 62

Dido and Aeneas, from a Roman fresco, Pompeian Third Style (10 BC – 45 AD), Pompeii, Italy. Via Wikimedia.

 See Dido and Aeneas

Read Aeneid by Virgil

Map of Aeneas’ journeys by Rcsprinter123. Via Wikimedia.

“This is Zabeth’s world. This is the world to which she returns when she leaves my shop. But Zabeth’s world was living, and this was dead. That was the effect of those masks lying flat on the shelves, looking up not forest or sky but at the underside of other shelves. They were masks that had been laid low, in more than one way, and had lost their power.” p. 65

“wandering back to the food stalls: little oily heaps of fried flying ants (expensive, and sold by the spoonful) laid out on scraps of newspaper; hairy orange-coloured caterpillars with protuberant eyes wriggling in enamel basins; fat white grubs kept moist and soft in little bags of damp earth, five or six grubs to a bag–these grubs, absorbent in body and of neutral taste, being an all-purpose fatty food, sweet with sweet things, savory with savory things. These were all forest foods, but the villages had been cleaned out of them (grubs came from the heart of a pal tree); and no one wanted to go foraging too far in the forest.” p. 66

“While he lived, Father Huismans, collecting the things of Africa, had been thought a friend of Africa. But now that changed. It was felt that the collection was an affront to African religion… The masks themselves, crumbling n the slatted shelves, seemed to lose the religious power Father Huismans had taught me to see in them; without him, they simply became extravagant objects.” p. 84

“It wasn’t the ice cream that attracted Mahesh. It was the idea of the simple machine, or rather the idea of being the only man in the town to own such a machine… They are dazzled by the machines they import. That is part of their intelligence; but they soon start behaving as though they don’t just own the machines, but the patents as well; they would like to be the only men in the world with such magical instruments.” p. 90

“They didn’t see, these young men, that there was anything to build in their country. As far as they were concerned, it was all there already. They had only to take. They believed that, by being what they were, they had earned the right to take; and the higher the officer, the greater the crookedness–if that word had any meaning.” p. 91

“It seemed as easy as that, if you came late to the world and found ready-made those things that other countries and peoples had taken so long to arrive at–writing, printing, universities, books, knowledge. The rest of us had to take thngs in stages. I thought of my own family, Nazruddin, myself–we were so clogged by what the centuries had deposited in our minds and hearts. Ferdinand, starting from nothing, had with one step made himself free, and was ready to race ahead of us.” p. 102-103

“We lived on the same patch of earth; we looked at the same views. Yet to him the world was new and getting newer. For me that same world was drab, without possibilities.” p. 103

“”Would the honourable visitor state whether he feels that Africans have been depersonalized by Christianity?”
¶Indar did what he had done before. He restated the question. He said, “I suppose you are really asking whether Africa can be served by a religion which is not African. Is Islam an African religion? Do you feel that Africans have been depersonalized by that?”” p. 121

“You are men of the modern world. Do you need African religion? Or are you being sentimental about it? Are you nervous of losing it? Or do you feel you have to hold on to it just because it’s yours?” p. 122

Raymond “I find that the most difficult thing in prose narrative is linking one thing with the other. The link might just be a sentence, or even a word. It sums up what has gone before and prepares one for what is to come.” p. 136

To read A History of Rome by Theodor Mommsen 

Theodor Mommsen. Ludwig Knaus. 1881. Via Wikimedia.

“There may be some parts of the world–dead countries, or secure and by-passed ones–where men can cherish the past and think of passing on furniture and china to their heirs. Men can do that perhaps in Sweden or Canada. Some peasant department of France full of half-wits in châteaux; some crumbling Indian palace-city, or some dead colonial town in a hopeless South American country. Everywhere else men are in movement, the world is in movement, and the past can only cause pain.” p. 141

“But I hadn’t understood to what extent our civilization had also been our prison. I hadn’t understood either to what extent we had been made by the place where we had grown up, made by Africa and the simple life of the coast, and how incapable we had become of understanding the outside world.” p. 142

“But this lady also thought that my education and background made me extraordinary,and I couldn’t fight the idea of my extraordinariness.
¶”An extraordinary man, a man of two worlds, needed an extraordinary job. And she suggested I become a diplomat.” p. 145

“there was the Edgware Road, where the shops and restaurants seemed continually to be changing hands; there were the shops and crowds of Oxford Street and Regent Street. The openness of Trafalgar Square gave me a lift, but it reminded me that I was almost at the end of my journey.” p. 146

“Now I saw differently. And I understood that London wasn’t simply a place that was there, as people say of mountains, but that it had been made by men, that men had given attention to details as minute as those camels.
¶I began to understand at the same time that my anguish about being a man adrift was false, that for me that dream of home and security was nothing more than a dream of isolation, anachronistic and stupid and very feeble. I belonged to myself alone.” p. 151

“We solace ourselves with that idea of the great men of our tribe, the Gandhi and the Nehru, and we castrate ourselves. ‘Here, take my manhood and invest it for me. Take my manhood and be a greater man yourself, for my sake!’ No! I want to be a man myself.” p. 152

“The job is thee, waiting. But it doesn’t exist for you or anyone else until you discover it, and you discover it because it’s for you and you alone.” p. 153

“These three people were in many ways alike–renegades, concerned with their personal beauty, finding in that beauty the easiest form of dignity.” p. 157

“Rustic manners, forest manners, in a setting not of the forest. But that was how, in our ancestral lands, we all began–the prayer may on the sand, then the marble floor of a mosque; the rituals and taboos of nomads, which transferred to the palace of a sultan or a maharaja, become the traditions of an aristocracy.” p. 161

“In spite of the corrupt physical ways our passion had begun to take, the photographs of Yvette that I preferred were the chastest. I was especially interested in those of her as a girl in Belgium, to whom the future was still a mystery.” p. 184

“The businessman bought at ten and was happy to get out at twelve; the mathematician saw his ten rise to eighteen, but didn’t sell because he wanted to double his ten to twenty.” p. 198

“Uganda was beautiful, fertile, easy, without poverty, and with high African traditions. It ought to have had a future, but the problem with Uganda was that it wasn’t big enough. The country was now too small for its tribal hatreds.” p. 200-201

Shoba and Mahesh “Acid on the face of the woman, the killing of the man–they were the standard family threats on these occasions,” p. 203

“”You can hire them, but you can’t buy them.” It was one of his sayings; it meant that stable relationships were not possible here, that there could only be day-to-day contracts between men, that in a crisis peace was something you had to buy afresh every day.” p. 210

“We came down slowly, leaving the upper light. Below the heavy cloud Africa showed as a dark-green, wet-looking land. You could see that it was barely dawn down there; in the forests and creeks it would still be quite dark.” p. 247

“The water hyacinths, “the new thing in the river,” beginning so far away, in the centre of the continent, bucked past in clumps and tangles and single vines, here almost at the end of their journey.” p. 249

“If there was a plan, these events had meaning. If there was law, these events had meaning. But there was no plan; there was no law; this was only make-believe, play, a waste of men’s time in the world. And how often here, even in the days of bush, it must have happened before, this game of warders and prisoners in which men could be destroyed for nothing. I remembered what Raymond used to say–about events being forgotten, lost, swallowed up.” p. 267

“The searchlight lit up the barge passengers, who, behind bars and wire guards, as yet scarcely seemed to understand that they were adrift. Then there were gunshots. The searchlight was turned off; the barge was no longer to be seen. The steamer started up again and moved without lights down the river, away from the area of battle. The air would have been full of moths and flying insects. The searchlight, while it was on, had shown thousands, white in the white light.
¶July 1977-August 1978” p. 278

 

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Trimarco

Vallejos, Soledad. Trimarco: la mujer que lucha por todas las mujeres. Argentina: Aguilar, 2013. Print.

A schematic showing global human trafficking, with specific focus to women and children. The map was based mostly on the UNODC map at http://strobelife.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/human_trafficking_map.gif and was accompleted with the moderate countries of origin of this map: http://www.thewe.cc/thewe_/images_5/bbc/_44425220_human_traffick_416map.gif Some simplifications were made; ie some countries on the first map shows that there are countries of both origin and destination; notably Poland, Czech republic, Pakistan, India and China. The exact route of trafficking can be seen (to some degree, maps don’t match fully) at http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/754727.gif A map showing the exact trafficking routes can be found at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trafficking_of_women,_children_and_men_routes.svg. Via Wikimedia.

Trafficking of women, children and men routes. Via wikimedia.

Fundacíon María de Los Angeles

Susana Trimarco

Trata de Personas

San Miguel de Tucumán

la colimba

Revolución Libertadora (1955-1958)

pizpireta

“el ingenio. Era una masa no tan lehana que humeaba y angustiaba fantasías infantiles con la leyenda tucumana por excelencia: El Familiar, mezcla de espíritu y animal fantástico aterrador; ser con el que el patrón de todo ingenio estaba obligado a pactar si quería una buena zafra. A cambio de salvarlo de la ruina, El Familiar reclamaba como prenda la vida de un cañero al menos una vez al año. Por eso –dice– en los surcos desaparecían obreros.” p. 21

la Semana Trágica de 1919.

Jardín de la República

La Alianza Anticomunista Argentina (AAA) – Triple A

Horacio Verbitsky | periodista y escritor | derechos humanos / kirchnerista.

“prosíbulos ruteros de las provincias.” p. 61

monja incendiaria (Berta Povalej) “La monja rezaría mucho, pero tenía debilidad por entreverarse en asuntos terrenales.” p. 64

“Las redes de trata existían, el tráfico de mujeres, su explotación sexual en distintas provincias por parte de familias que operaban como pequeñas empresas y se vinculaban entre sí, también.” p. 67

“Hablaba de procesiones, de rituales, de magia negra.” p. 68

“la mención de la Pomba Gira, esa diosa del panteón umbanda, era habitual en el mundo de los tratantes.
–Y me dijo que los tratantes suelen usar ese tipo de rituales como métodos de sometimiento, como forma de doblegar la voluntad de la víctima. Y que son usuales eso rituales, esas ofrendas.
No importa dónde estén ubicados geográficamente: las fotos de los allanamientos a prostíbulos alimentados con mujeres traficadas y esclavizadas coinciden, todavía hoy, en retratar esos altares. Negros las más de las veces, como bañados en la cera de decenas de velas derretidas; presididos por San La Muerte, la Pomba Gira o algún otro santo de imagen impactante y origen sincrético.” p. 69

“Por decreo de Carlos Menem de 1991, cada año en esa fecha, San Miguel se convertía en la capital de la Argentina. Kirchner llegaba a ratificar la tradición, a seis semanas de asumido el cargo: era puro carisma y magnetismo político.” p. 70

“–Ella viene conmigo–dijo secamente la monja en la esquina. Y pasaron la primera valla del operativo de seguridad.
Trimarco se vuelve a asombrar al recordarlo. “Era como si nos hubieran invitado a las dos. Era una cosa que pasábamos sí o sí.”” p. 71

“Desconcertada por lo imprevisto, iba a hacerlo cuando vio a Povalej levantarse rauda y hablar con los hombres, que desistieron enseguida.” p. 72

“Alicia recuerda que todo “era muy triste”. “Vos sabés las veces que yo he ido y a ella le habían cortado la luz, y estaba ahí, entre las velas. Habían vendido todo, porque era que le tenía que poner nafta a los policías, que no les pagaban viáticos, tenía que pagarles el café con leche o la comida.” p. 74

Trimarco y Verón fueron entrevistados en el programa de Guillermo Andino.” p. 77

“agosto de 2004 desaparecería la bióloga alemana Annagreth Würgler.” p. 78

“Susana… Incluso una vez se disfrazó de prostituta y se metió en la zona de los travestis, en La Rioja, averiguando cosas.” p. 79-80

“Dice la causa: “Trimarco investigó la desparición de su hija, entrando al mundo de la noche”” p. 80

“Trimarco contó una vez más todo lo que había pasado desde la última mañana que vio a su hija. “Me contó que se metía en los lugares, ella era muy activa en ir a los lupanares”, recuerda el ex ministro Béliz.” p. 92

lupanares: prostíbulo

“–Graciasm señor presidente.
–No me gias señor presidente, decime Néstor.
–Sí, señor presidente.” p. 95

“Casi sin respirar, agrega Trimarco que alguna otra vez Kirchnerle dijo algo que no puede olvidar.:
–La única que va a aclarar esto sos vos.” p. 96

***”Posse, además, insistía en que los eufemismos no eran tales: “Candy” y “El Desafío” no eran prostíbulos, sino “whiskerías”, las mujeres que estaban allí lo hacían por su propia voluntad y no eran prostitutas, sino coperas que acompañaban a los clientes y tomaban algún trago con ellos.” p. 96

“Desde noviembre Trimarco insistía en que, de acuerdo con varios testimonios, Marita había sido aseinada y enterrada en una whiskeía que pertenecía a Lidia Irma Medina y sus hijos.” p. 102

“Cuatro días después, se había excavado en los patios de los prostíbulos “La isla” y “Candy”. Allí no habían restos humanos.” p. 102

“El cuerpo de Paulina Lebbos apareció a metros de una ruta en las afueras de la capital, un sábado cuando caían el sol. Dos muchachos de campo que pasaban al galope lo vieron y avisaron a la policía. La chica, de 24 años, llegvaba trece días desaparecida.” p. 102

“Periodistas locales que pasaron la noche en guardia al otro lado de la ruta, para no perder pisada de los trabajos policiales, todavía hoy recuerdan el aire viciado, el olor intenso que traía el viento y que se intensificó, más tarde, cuando el cuerpo fue preparado en el patio de la morgue para la autopsia. A Paulina, además, le faltaba parte de una pierna. Luego se sabría que no había muerto en el lugar donde había muerto en el lugar donde había sido hallada, que llevaba días fallecida, que alguien la había escondido y preservado hasta entonces.” 104

“Como erra su costumbre, Trimarco pidió una misa por su hija en la basílica Nuestra Señora de la Merced, la misma en la que Manuel Belgrano había rogado antes de la batalla de Tucumán.” p. 105

“La telenovela Vidas robadas mantendría distancias, pero en el corazón de la historia iba a latir el caso Verón.” p. 118

Aljibe

“Las dos muheres compartían un frente común: a diferencia de Fernández, sostenía que la ley no podía obligar a una víctima de trata a demostrar que había sido forzada, que estaba siendo sometida en contra de su voluntad, que no había dad su consentimiento para ser explotada.” p. 122

“el juicio de Bell Ville, en el que dos chicas secuestradas y explotadas habían sido juzgadas como victimarias de una tercera,” p. 128

Documentary “Fragmentos de una Busqueda” (2009) Dir. Pablo Milstein, Norberto Ludín.

“en la Argentina, de acuerdo con estudios de la Organización Internacional de Migraciones, el 80 por ciento de las víctimas de trata era personas nacidas en el mismo país.” p. 132-133

“un rumor persistente señalaba que en esa zona de La Rioja podía estar Marita, pero ya no viva, sino asesinada y enterrrada a la vera de la ruta, camino a la cordillera. Era una región largamente sospechada. De allí había desaparecido en 2004 la turista suiza Annagreth Würgler.” p. 135

“Quizá el ejemplo más claro fuera el personake de Nacha, la mujer del jefe de la red, una ex víctima explotada que había terminado por enamorar a su captor y convivir con él como su legítima ante los ojos de todos los demás, que ignoraban cómo se habían conocido.” p. 141

hablaban de bueyes perdidos mientras la luz del día huía.” p. 144

“Si la madre de Marita arremetía contra puertas cuando estaba sola y nadie la escuchaba, acompañada de una cámara y un micrófono, ya premiada y en pleno armado de la Fundación, resultaba implacable.” p. 145

Trimarco: “‘Hago todo esto sin darme cuenta. Como madre, tengo el deber de luchar contra viento y marea para encontrar a mi hija.'” p. 145

“–Entré al Desafío, estructura de dos pisos, varias habitaciones, tipo hotelm un portón al costado. Arriba había un altillo, con un altar a San La Muerte, tenía que ponerle cadenas de oro. El Candy da al fondo de la casa de la Lidia Medina, la casa azul.” p. 157

“Trimarco se ha peleado definitivamente con casi todas las personas que comparten su cotidianeidad.” p. 159

On Trimarco: “Muy directa, muy transparente. Muy franca. Eso es bueno y a veces no tanto, en la relación con ella se generan a veces situaciones por eso. Pero las prefiero”. p. 160

“Piquillín, una pequeña localidad cordobesa. Era jueves. Querían desenterrar restos para saver si la historia de “la tucumanita”, como las prostitutas de los locales “Las vampiras” y “El mote” llamadan al alma en pena de una joven aseinada por proxenetas, se correspondía con la realidad. Si ahí yacía un cuerpo, algunos indicios de testimonios hacían sospechar que podía ser el de Marita Verón.” p. 162

“Pero después, cuando entendés, cada vez que se paraba la máquina, lo que hacías era rezar para que no fuera un hueso humano. Lo que tiraba eran huesos de perro, de pollo…–dice D’Antona.” p. 163

“Ese día, la fiscal abrió uno de los prostíbulos y lo que había no eran habitaciones, sino celdas. “Habitaciones de 3 por 3, colchones en el piso, cuchetas de tres, una sola ventilación, una habitación cuadradita así, no con rejas, sino con barrotes gruesos.”” p. 163

“D’Antona era un penalista que había defendido al ex presidente Carlos Menem en la causa por la explosión de la fábrica de armas de Río Tercero.” p. 165

“insistía en que el caso de Marita era de derechos humanos y ella, Trimarco, una luchadora que encarnaba la continuidad: significaba en el siglo XXI lo que Madres y Abuelas habían significado para el siglo XX.”  p. 169

 

Book: Es Cristo que pasa by Josemaría Escrivá de Balanguer (founder of Opus Dei)

“También en el terreno del juicio por su hija, la figura de Trimarco sirvió de excusa para que terceros delimitaran campos y plantearan confrontación kirchnerismo-antikirchnerismo.” p. 209

El zar tucumano by José Sbrocco (unauthorized biography of José  Alperovich)

Nadie es profeta en su tierra

See article: “Un periodista de Mendoza dice que ‘Marita no fue secuestrada, sino qie ejercía la prostitución por su cuenta.” Contexto magazine.  Found in Notas p. 221

“Trimarco criticó a la policía por la ceguera, porque el machismo impedía a los oficiales tomar denuncias, actuar rápido, rescatar a chicas de sus victimarios.” p. 238

“Han afirmado muy bien los miembros del tribunal: lo que necesitan ellos es tener pruebas”, dice, convencida de que los testimonios no lograron aportar la luz suficiente para condenar a nadie.” p. 239

“Stella Maris Córdoba celebró que la ley nueva no dijera que una víctima puede consentir su explotación,” p. 240

“¿Que sufren las víctimas? La desconfianza permanente en el proceso penal, cuando saben que su victimario puede estar caminando a la vuelta de la esquina, amenazando tanto a ella como a su familia.” p. 240

“No importó el partido político: todos los representantes coincidían en la importancia de Trimarco, en la visibilidad que si tenacidad había dado a un tema que, hasta 2002, no figuraba en la agenda política, y mucho menos en la agenda pública.” p. 241

fiestas de la vendimia

Fiction films on human trafficking: Trade, Srpski film (A Serbian Film), Taken, Nina, La mosca en la ceniza y Tráfico humano (list from wikipedia entry: Trata de personas)

La Mosca en la ceniza (2010) Dir. Gabriela David

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